Brief View of Buddhism on Different Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Brief View of Buddhism on Different Perspectives EssayBuddhism in China was not first welcomed. People had different sound judgments on Buddhism. To analyze the responses to the spread of Buddhism in china by who expresses to the audience, why some nation think Buddhism is better for the country, and why some believe Buddhism is bad for China.Depending on what time layover they lived in, changed the opinion of those who expressed their opinion to the audience. (Document 2) Zhi Dun is a Chinese Scholar, author, and a high official. During circa 350 C.E Northern China was invaded by Central Asian Steppe Nomads. There is war between the Asian Steppe Nomads and Zhi Dun believes that if you believe in Buddhism and have the right intentions, you can reach nirvana. (Document 3) This document is written by an nameless Chinese Scholar that expresses his opinion to the people of China.This is during circa 500 C.E., which was during the time of instability and disunity. He wrote this document anonymously because he was fearful of what other people think. They capability not agree with his idea. (Document 6) The emperor response is toward the people of china. This is during 845 C.E, which is after the imperial structure is restored and he is saying that they dont command Buddhism.Although some people agree with Confucianism, people think Buddhism helped China. (Document 1) In this document, it talks about the four Noble Truths. It shows how everyone suffers and the only way to get dislodge of suffering is to get rid of your desires. This was the first sermon preached by the Buddha in India during the fifth century. This document was written to persuade those to become Buddhists and follow the teachings. (Document 2), this document explains how if you have the right intentions, then you ordain reach Nirvana. This helps relief the people of china. (Document 5), Zong Mi, a Buddhist scholar said that Buddhism helped China. He said that the Buddha taught many teac hings and in result, it encouraged the perfection of good deeds.Although Buddhism force seem good for China, other people believe that it ruined the country. Usually the higher classes thought Confucianism was better. This is because the lower classes are to respect the higher class. Han Yu is a Confucian Scholar and official of the Tang imperial court. This is during the 819 C.E. he says Buddhism didnt even originate from China. He also says that Buddhism has nothing to do with the country and the culture. (Document 6), this is during 815 C.E. This is the time design after the instability and disunity of china. China is restored and they have an imperial rule, Tang Emperor Wa. His attitude towards Buddhism is furious. Since China is restored, he believes in Confucianism and Legalism, so there is no need for Buddhism. He even explains that Buddhism is selfish. All they do is eat and meditate, not helping the country by working.To analyze the responses to the spread of Buddhism by observing those who expressed their opinion to the people of China. It differed depending on what time period they lived in. it depended if they lived in the time of instability and disunity or when china was restored. Others believe that Buddhism helped China. They believe that it helped China during the time of instability and disunity. During this period of time, there was an invasion against the Asian steppe nomads in circa 350 C.E. Buddhism helped comfort those that were going to war by saying that they can reach nirvana. Even though Buddhism helped China, higher officials and Confucius believe that it ruined the country.This is because during 845 C.E. they had an emperor. They didnt need Buddhism anymore because they had an emperor and china is unified by one leader again. A missing voice that is needed in the document section is a individual that does not express their opinion to the public, like a private voice such as a person putting something down in a diary. The second voice that is needed is the common peoples opinion in China. This will show which doctrine they are rooting for during a period of time. The third voice should be a historians view during their period of time, so it shows how he interprets it.

Taking Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Taking Responsibility EssayThe representations in which individuals take tariff for themselves and others Responsibility is a real truehearted word. Holding yourself accountable for your actions and others at the same time is not an easy task. It may seem easy, less painful or less demanding to not take responsibility for yourself. Its more comfortable but theres eer a price to pay. When you dont take responsibility for yourself or others that be important to you, you are giving away your personal power. It is extremely complicated for parents. Parents shit to take accountability for themselves and their children. Mothers play a large role in taking care of us and shaping us into a gr declare individual. Mothers are more emotion totallyy attached to their child. If their child does anything wrong, they always tend to blame their look on themselves and the way they have raised their children. Women forget to take in account their own self-interests instead they worry al most their family.This is perfectly portrayed in a short story by Budge Wilson called The Leaving. In this story, Elizabeth, a confounded wife, takes responsibility for the chauvinistic behavior of her children and her husband. In an attempt to change her lifestyle, Elizabeth stand up to her husband after 19 years she showers her daughter with opportunities and tries to alter the behaviors of her sons and grandsons. Elizabeth lived a life of a usual suppressed housewife. She lived on a farm unaware of the outside world. She sat at home all her life trying to satisfy the needs of her husband, Lester and her 6 children. Elizabeth never got the appreciation she deserved, all she got was more and more duties which eventually became a burden in her life. Elizabeths outlook on her life started to alter when she picture the book The Feminine Mystique. This book gave Elizabeth a lot of courage and hope that she is not alone in this world. The revelations of other women going through sim ilar peck enlarged her thinking. This book gave her an incentive to gait up and make a change in her life.Lester, Elizabeths husband never treat her as an follow human being. Elizabeth practically did all the work in the house starting from fetching eggs and water, cooking, washing clothes to cleaning the house. Lester always treated her manage a servant and showed her no respect. Elizabeth finally got tired of Lester looking down at her like a peasant, so finally decided to stand up for herself. My name, she arrogateed, this time more steadily, is Elizabeth. Elizabeth says this toLester when Lester calls her just a woman. She feels the need to let her husband know that she is not the old suppressed wife anymore. This strong comment explains the change in Elizabeths character and shows that she cannot be thrown around like a puppet. She turns from an isolated victim to a strong woman who can finally take responsibility and ownership on her life.Elizabeth is fully aware of the status of women in the house. Sylvie, Elizabeths daughter, is the only victim left after Elizabeth in the house. Elizabeth, as a niggle wants to make sure that her daughter doesnt go through the same problems that she encountered. Sylvie, as a second female in the house, had a lot more responsibilities in the house as compared to her brothers. Elizabeth always knew this at the back of her head but was waiting for the right time to show Sylvie her existent place which is why one day at 3 a.m, Elizabeth suddenly decided to go to Halifax with her daughter. Where ya going, Ma? I asked. She was standing beside my bed with her coat on. off, said Ma. And yer comin too. This situation explains the sudden departure from the house. Moreover, Elizabeth wants Sylvie to have everything that she never got the chance to have.Elizabeth lived isolated from the rest of the world. Taking Sylvie to Halifax and showing her the world was Elizabeths way of showing her daughter, a new way of life. Beca use yer the smartest, she said. And because yer a woman. This phrase shows how Elizabeth enforces the fact that her daughter is the smartest out of all her children. Elizabeth shows her daughter the University of Halifax and dreams about her daughter study in it one day. Elizabeth tries to set an example for Sylvie and show her a new pathway to life. She wanted Sylvie to think beyond the fields and fetching eggs, she wanted her to have a career and be a strong and successful woman. Elizabeth succeeds in moulding her daughters future and completes her task as a mother and most importantly, as a woman. Furthermore, Elizabeth takes accountability of her sons behaviors.Elizabeth went away to Halifax thinking that something would change back home, but when she returned, nothing changed. the way I sees it is y kin ask fer kindness or politeness from time t time. But y cant expect no miracles. Its my own fault fer raisin four boys like they was little men. I shoulda put them in front of a dishpan fifteen years ago. This quote explains the misery Elizabeth is going through but instead of blaming the situation on the boys, she takes all the blame on herself. As aMother, Elizabeth feels guilty and questions the upbringing of her sons. Elizabeth emphasizes this idea of mothers raising their sons as strong and brave with no soft edges but they often forget that men should be taught everything starting from cooking and cleaning to working.Men and woman should be treated equally so they can both be strong and build their life without any obstacles. In addition to that, Elizabeth tries to make up for her mistakes by education her grandsons how to wash dishes and make cookies. Elizabeth realizes that he made a mistake by not teaching her sons how to cook or clean, but she doesnt want to repeat herself. Elizabeth steps up and takes responsibility of her grandsons by teaching them basic necessities in life. The Journey that Elizabeth sets forth for herself in this story is a portrayal of all the responsibilities she has interpreted in life. Elizabeth finally takes a step forward and talks back to her husband.She also tries her level best to open her daughters mind to all the opportunities that are present in this world. Furthermore, Elizabeth tries to change her grandsons future by teaching them everything she failed to teach their fathers. Elizabeth is a perfect example for women who think they are helpless in this world. Elizabeth has proven that there is a way out of every problem in life. If one door closes, the other one opens. There are many possibilities and roads to take in life one should just take the risk without worrying about the consequences. Instead of expecting a miracle, an individual should step up and make those miracles happen.

Globalization Strategies In Hollywood

Globalization Strategies In HollywoodHollywood acts an important component part in globalisation and the Statesnization. Hollywood movies not just relieve oneself the profit of economics, but besides produce the global fun which is a form of the Statesnization. Meanwhile, Hollywood regards Chinese charter application as the intimately potential international movie grocery. Obviously, Hollywood is drawing support from the strength of the US economics to extend market. later china has participated in WTO, Chinese engage and the market-gardening sovereign is confronted to the challenge. As a result, taking Hollywood an example would study the goal globalization and agri cultivation Americanization. Further more, it could benefit from successful Hollywood movies to find out(a) the strategies of Americanization in order to develop the aliveness of Chinese dissipate industriousness.Current situation of Chinese vogue movies in HollywoodFrom Luise Rainer who patted locust s in movie The Good Earth in 1937 to Ingrid Bergman who put on bamboo hat in The Inner of the Sixth Happiness in 1958, and Tom Cruise had jumped down from a high building in Shanghai in Mission Impossible , Chinese farming has affected Hollywood for more than s dismantlety years. In 2008, Kung Fu Panda was coming. Obviously, it utilized more Chinese styles, but the whole film was produced by western teams and Hollywood patterns. Kung Fu Panda occurred in chinaware, where boast high mountains and lofty hills, indeed, it is interchangeable a traditional Chinese landscape paintings. Moreover, the roles in this film are also attracted audiences, such(prenominal) as the trail charactera lovely panda Bo and new(prenominal)s like monkey, snake, tiger and red-crowned crane. All of these elements constitute this film which possesses the romantic charm with WuShu. It happens that at that place is a similar case, 2012 has showed in 2009. Some of the scenes form taken place in China. Du e to the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army and civilians, human beings in the institution could be rescued. Even though it is a story, it is no doubt that Chinese style is increasingly significant than before.From this view, Chinese style has two moments which contain nature sightseeing and human flavor. On one hand, the wild in the west and the views which is charming and graceful in south of the Yangtze River constitute the nature sightseeing in Hollywood movies. On the other hand, from or so westerns view, swordsmen films equate the typical model of Chinese culture. Therefore, in term of Chinese style, the human flavor is another central issue of Hollywood.As nearly researcher has takeed out that film is like a specific culture carrefour (Abercrombie and Longhurst, 2007), in fact, besides its material properties, films draw support from sounds, images, pictures and languages, these elements produce the symbolic signs and ideologies. Meanwhile, it connects with culture fiel d because films might shape to a sort of power which relates to collective values of society and the politic fields which includes culture intension. Obviously, the globalization in Hollywood has wedged Chinese interior(prenominal) film industry. More importantly, it distributes American commercial, culture, regime, animationstyle and values to gentlemans gentlemanwide. Finally, Americanization will affect culture identity in order to achieve the time to come of world film industry. Due to that, the topic of Hollywood and Chinese film is emerging.Some conceptsGlobalization and AmericanizationIn the previous articles, the concept of globalization was explained by which meant the working out of European countries, at that placeby, achieving the global economics integration (Modelski, 2008). At present, this concept is quoted steadily which states that globalization represents a new phenomenon (King, 1991). Indeed, economic globalization is the core of globalization, and it consi sts of the multi- concept such as politics, culture, technology, military, security, ideology, lifestyle and the values.Americanization is not a new phenomenon. Even though Stead (1902) has stated that the concept of Americanization for more than hundred years, the real Americanization should be a kind of phenomenon in the middle of twentieth century. Storey (2005) brought up the features of Americanization is lot who live all over the world drink Coco-cola either day, eat McDonalds, break off American style or the clothes which are made by America, see Hollywood movies and watch NBA, save and make use of dollars, speak American English, pay more attention to America no matter politics, economics and entertainments. Besides that, Americans export their values, ideas, policy and weapons to worldwide. After all, these features are only existed in studies in fact, most of people all over the world even interested in Americanization.Above all, globalization is a kind of objective pro cess it describes the culture of the world, as a result, it has undergone a deeply transformation. Although after 1990s, globalization has little changed by Americanization, the characters would not be altered. Americanization just limits the effect of communication in terms of American popular culture, in other words, it might transform the direction of culture in some countries which affected by American. However, Americanization could not completely influence. From this point of view, globalization and Americanization are two completely distinguishable notions. The former one is objective, and the latter one is a description of tendency which is in process. civilisation globalization and culture AmericanizationCulture globalization is a kind of tendency which accompanied by the development of association. It seems that different culture exchange and culture identity has change magnitude deeply, thereby, shaping the culture consistency which has the similar value and lifestyle. However, Crane (2002, p.2) stated that the best known model of culture globalization is heathenish imperialism theory. Indeed, culture globalization has expressed two aspects (Gang, 2002). On one hand, at present, the content and the space of culture communication is increasingly widely, the acceptance of new culture and traditional one has risen gradually. From the previous development of human beings, delinquent to the limitation of regions, communication of different groups were not active. However, accompanied by the technology and transportation, people in different places are more closed than before. In other word, people are not only confining the trade, but also developing religions and cultures. In general, the culture between different groups has already not restricted by region, meanwhile, the level of communication has enhanced. Therefore, globalization is concentrated on the phenomenon of cross- heathen exchange. On the other hand, e precise nation culture and region culture would reach an overlapping consensus. As I mentioned before, previous human culture had developed with geographical isolation, due to that, the culture difference is obviously. Firstly, globalization brings the circulation of capital, and then different nations would crash by different culture and values. These changes make people possess a wider horizon. As a result, people would adopt and improve their internal culture, and they would tolerant with other different culture. In this process of seeking common ground while reserving differences, some advantages would be take up into the interior(prenominal) culture system.By contrast, culture Americanization is a sort of phenomenon which makes American mass communication spreads to different countries in order to converge on domestic culture to American culture. It seems that this phenomenon tries to transform a multicultural society to a single culture. Compare to the definition of culture globalization, culture Americani zation has changed a tendency which shapes some universal cultural characters, such as the assimilation of values and lifestyles into some specific tendency of American.However, the society of American has existed one kind of ideology. In general, due to the attraction of American culture, it has shaped a new former of global culture which concentrates on American values. Some researchers fuddle upheld this point urgently and forestall to achieve their wishes. Charles Krauthammer who is a columnist in Washington Post has written that it has no global mass culture before, therefore, the present culture is forming, and it is the specific American mass culture (Krauthammer, 2006). Hall (1991) argued that globalization is Americanization. It is determined by film and other culture terms. All of these points belong to mass culture, and American has the advantages rather than other countries.In fact, except American, there is no countries would like to sour the reproduction of American culture. Culture Americanization has hit the point of researchers who want to product their domestic culture out of America. Some of them have overstated the influence of Americanization so that people are boycotting the cultural Americanization. E peculiar(a)ly, few people have distinguished the concept of culture globalization and culture Americanization. Therefore, only understanding the basic notions of globalization and Americanization could study the American phenomenon, such as Hollywood more deeply.Successful reasons wherefore Chinese style is so popular in HollywoodKung Fu Panda has won the successful achievement no matter in China or in America. Audiences are intoxicated with the Chinese styles. Due to the shape, spirit and convey, plus the creation, Kung Fu Panda is so popular in China and all over the world. Consequently, Hollywood producers have concentrated on Chinese style in order to attract audiences to appreciate Hollywood films. People feel that the distance of different culture has come down down. More specifically, someone has pointed out that the Hollywood production has overstepped the understanding of domestic culture for Chinese. The reason why Hollywood captured the marrow of Chinese culture is that Hollywood has developed the strategies in China.The Chinese film market in Hollywood eyesDue to China has amount of populations and the economics has grown, China has acted an important role in current society. Indeed, China possesses a significant position in terms of politics, economics and culture. When China wanted to join in WTO in 1999film is an important topic. Because China always has limited foreign investment to enter the domestic film market, America expected Chinese government to admit more America film entering into China. Besides that, some America film company could invest and build new current cinemas in China. On November 15th, 1999, China and America has reached the agreement which permits foreign company which inves ts 50 percent stocks engaging the cinema buildings and managements after three years.In fact, from 1920s, Hollywood had entered into China. During 1930-40s, Hollywood film had put in-aside(p) 75 percent of Chinese market. More apparently, Hollywood was opened by Cecil B.Demille, Ernes Lubitscht and Mickey Mouse. To be honest, the direct result is that Hollywood has cultivated amounts of audiences. Most audiences in these year liked Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks rather than Hu Die or Jin Yan. More interesting, some fans assorted Chinese and Hollywood stars in pairs. However, at that time, some directors also imitated the Hollywood. In 1934, Han Langen acted Song of the Fishermen, from that, he worked with Yin Xiucen so that copied Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy. Until 1949, because China has embarked on an independent, self-reliance road, Hollywood films were stooped. Therefore, Hollywood faded out gradually the entertainment in China. After 1980s, when the reform and open poli cy has suggested in China, meanwhile, with the relationship between China and the whole world has increasingly closed than before, Chinese culture industry brought the moment for Hollywood, and then Hollywood paid attention to China again.With joined into WTO and one fifth percent of population in the world, even though there are some limitations of laws, cultures and ideology, the Hollywood producers are even addicted to China. As for America, the culture industry in China has not been developed at all. Because China culture industry has not enough investments, technology and regular companies, American producers are so interested in it. Consequently, as for Hollywood, Chinese film market is not only a gold ore, but an undeveloped diamond ore. Almost 1.3 billion potential audiences in China is a temptation for Hollywood. Indeed, when the Chinese film market opens, it will supply a fresh export film market for America, more importantly, China will probably be the atomic number 42 f ilm market in the world, which beyond Europe and Japan. More specifically, in the future, every four Hollywood films would have one subject for China at least.Due to develop the Chinese film market, Hollywood film companies started to research Chinese market in the middle of 1990s. Some of them had tested Chinese department, others had utilize Chinese students going back to China which assumed an important position. Every film company has got in touch with the organizations which managed films in China. In 1999, Twentieth century of Fox Film Corporation received the Chinese film delegation. In 2000, Warner Bros. provided financial aids to China in order to hold Chinese Culture in United States in America. Moreover, all of film companies such as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayes (MGM), Paramount Pictures, Inc., Warner Bros., Universal Pictures Co., tried to imagine how to enter into Chinese film market. Larry Gleason who is the chief operating officer of MGM said 55 percent of America film inco mes were from out of America meanwhile, China has the most population in the world, it is no doubt that Hollywood essential enter into China. Developing the potential of Chinese market will be the aim of MGM. In fact, the points of Larry Gleason have represented most of Hollywood companies.The strategies of Hollywood in ChinaAs a developing country, on one hand, China insists on the policy of reform and open, on the other hand, China should retain the collectivist system. Due to the political environment of China, Hollywood might confront some barriers if it will get into Chinese market. First of all, Chinese government even keeps the film administrative limitation. Second, there are some differences between Chinese unique culture and Hollywood culture. Thirdly, Chinese film market is in disorder status. Because of that, Hollywood has a clear sentience. Therefore, from these years, Hollywood adopted sorts of strategies to try to overcome and reduce these barriers, thereby, prepar ing getting into China for maximum effect. Firstly, Hollywood expected to utilize America political power to expand their survival space. Moreover, Hollywood tried to invest and manage the film production industry, distribution industry and project industry, so that it could establish the Chinese film market. Thirdly, Hollywood wanted to take pictures which are acted by Chinese producers or actors or utilize the Chinese style in order to bring home the bacon to the Chinese audiences. Finally, with other media formers, Hollywood tried to cultivate audiences to possess wider interests in Hollywood, thereby, developing the potential Hollywood market. In general, these strategies had been used in Hollywood history, and it gained the success. As for Hollywood, China is the second Europe, and it would be the new world from their expectation.From the views of promoting Hollywood, America government always acts the role of guard. As for a product, America government sales films to worldwide . preferably of how to make films, government would think about what should they do first in order to create condition for producing. In 1922, America film production has set up The Motion Pictures Producers and Distributors Association (MPPDA)this association has cooperated with government, thereby, striving for abroad benefits. After World War , The Motion Pictures Exports Association of America (MPEAA) was built. This association was duty to direct the external transactions. These organizations often kept in touch with the Department of Commerce. Obviously, political factors are always the reinforcements of Americanization. As a result, in the future, America government mustiness strive for the rights through the politics. To some extent, Hollywood is a new force for Americanization.The second strategy of Hollywood globalization is investing other countries film industry in order to set up an organization which is duty to manage it, thereby, controlling foreign film market. In fact, when Hollywood occupied the Europe film market, the first step was co-production and distribution. At present, Hollywood tried to adopt the same method to enter Chinese film market. For instance, Hollywood needs make films with Chinese, on one hand, Chinese film produce system could be bring into Hollywood on the other hand, it could make a similar pattern which establish on Hollywood, and the audiences could be cultivated by the this new pattern film. Take Kodak for example, they once considered choosing one of five countries or districts where has the biggest potential of film industries, Chinese mainland is in it. Fortunately, they have chosen Chinese mainland because they believe film business opportunities in China are the best. Furthermore, Kodak has planned to build up 6 to 8 modern cinemas in Beijing, Guangzhou and other big cities. Besides that, Kodak initiated that they would show both foreign language films and domestic films in order to cater to the requirements o f Chinese audiences. Consequently, the reason why Hollywood and other film companies would get involved with Chinese film industry is one of the strategies to enter into Chinese film industry.Through the history of Hollywood, it is very fruitful that Hollywood used foreign directors, actors/actresses and subjects to conquer the hearts of foreign audiences. On one hand, all of these foreign sentiments have poured Hollywood into cultural pabulum on the other hand, it would bring the culture sympathy from foreign countries. To illustrate, Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan and Jet Li represent the Chinese style influences of Hollywood. This strategy has increasingly covered the marking of Hollywood. At the same time, it regards global film to enter into the Chinese film market.The globalization of Hollywood has not only limited the export of films. Every year, there is a grand ceremony in Hollywood which is called Oscar. Meanwhile, Hollywood is utilizing the auxiliary product of film, such as DV D, books, toys to expand the infiltration of Hollywood.In general, Hollywood has stared at the Chinese film market. For the strategies of globalization in America, Hollywood has not only opened up the second market which is inferior to America, but also weaved some America fables through the American love story and hero story. Therefore, Hollywood would conquer the foreign nations. Hollywood has altered the America to the world meanwhile, the world is ever-changing by America.DiscussionsThe strategies of Americanization and filmsWith the strategies of Americanization, culture industry, especially the film part is a significant chess for America. When culture has become an industry, the functions of economics and culture have overlapped. Indeed, the exports of cultural product have expanded the economic market, also gains the profits. At the same time, on one hand, these culture products could be sold by America lifestyle or values, on the other hand, culture is like a product and p roduct would express culture, they are interaction. Due to culturae products have gained profits and they also create the meaning of advertisement, all of these elements which contain images, sounds, words, pictures and models have exploited the huge market of America politics and economics. As culturae products have its special meanings, America is making great efforts to be Americanization, especially the Americanization of Hollywood films.Early in 1930s, America government realized that film and other formers of mass culture not only possessed the meaning of industry, but standed America culture, economics and politics. These mass culture and film would possess a priority function. The export of culture might affect other countries, districts and the awareness of nations, religions, culture even languages, in order to weaken their traditional culture, thereby, creating the memory of nation culture and promoting the mixture of America values and beliefs. Consequently, from World War, America spread films, TV programmes, records and other mass cultural products to all over the world. During in World War, Hollywood became an important tool which helped the government conduct America.Films which become the most international media industry play a significant role in culture industry. To some extent, from beginning, Hollywood has spread America to the world and America movies possessed an international horizon. The first ten years of twentieth century, Hollywood producers have begun to set up offices out of America. From World War, America films have reset(p) by France, British and Ger umteen, became an international film market. From 1919, foreign film markets have brought into the budget of American films. After 1930s, the income of foreign film market already has accounted for one third to one half profits in total of American films. In other words, World Warand World Warplaced American films into the leader of the world in terms of economics and produce. Af ter that, this priority position has not been wavered. Although the sound film had emerged, and the language barriers also had brought some threatens for American films, Hollywood had adapted this method of art and technology changes, thereby, consolidating its powerful position. Until 1995, Hollywood films have possessed almost 75 percent of Europe box office income in total. Moreover, Hollywood even owns film market in Canada, Latin America, Oceania and Asia. Even though in Hong Kong where has been called Eastern Hollywood, American films have amalgamated its domestic position. In the late of twentieth century, Hollywood has gained 7.5 billion dollars in America as well as over 6 billion dollars from foreign film markets. It became an important component in America new economics (Rao, 2009). After a half century of international efforts, nowadays, American films have been the world film and Hollywood is prevalent. Hollywood films no longer seemed only in America instead, it bec ame a byword for films. Consequently, America mass culture does not like an imports objective. Indeed, Hollywood has conquered the whole world, and we are becoming a Hollywood star.In the past ten years, due to commerce and military, the debate of learning era and information society has become the main struggle of international politics, economics and culture. In fact, the competition of countries depends on information creation and the speed of circulation. Therefore, dominating the media is controlling the benefits of politics and economics. In other words, creating the media industry is producing the benefits of politics and economics. Due to this global competition, in many developing countries, culture nationalism is emerging. Consequently, because of the conflicts of nationalism and global tendency, how Chinese films would preserve its national orientation under the impact of Hollywood is becoming an inevitable thinking. From a higher level, this is a question which deals w ith globalization of Chinese culture.The vitality of domestic movies in ChinaEven though Hollywood is a huge threatens for the domestic films, Hollywood would not become the gravedigger of domestic films, especially for China which has oriental person culture for thousand years of history as well as suffered from vast disaster. As a matter of fact, Hollywood is impossible to replace the domestic culture in China. Even if in 1990s, Hollywood films had entered into China, it was still a number of domestic films had a higher market allotment in Chinese film market. For instance, in 2000, the income of Mulan and Notting Hill has less than ten millions, but the income of Chinese film Be There or Be Square has over 39 million (Rao, 2009), which had exceeded any of Hollywood films in that years. It seems that the domestic films in China are also having a place to live in after Hollywood is getting into China. The key point of Chinese film industry needs to exploit, cultivate and expand its advantages as well as reduce the disadvantage, thereby, strengthening the vitality of domestic films. As for China, the Chinese films advantages could provide buffer of space, and they also require a kind of potential.For Chinese films, the most obvious advantage is China has a long history as well as the specific culture tradition. Though from 19 century, western culture has affected China, it also has a bombastic difference between western and China in terms of lifestyles, values and languages. Due to that, film Star Wars which made a great sensation in Europe and United States has not accepted by Chinese audiences. Furthermore, the film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon which was directed by Ang Lee was well liked by western audiences rather than China. These examples have showed that China and western countries even has existed the difference, it heart and soul Hollywood cannot replace the domestic films, in other words, Chinese films possess their special characters that Hollyw ood would never have. Therefore, if Chinese films may utilize Chinese traditional resources of culture creatively, the domestic films would occupy an important position in China even in Asia and Chinese culture space in the world. From another point of view, oriental culture tradition might provide a fresh cultural reference to western audiences, thereby, entering into the mainstream of Hollywood.More importantly, China has special condition. Compare to western countries, China is experiencing the transitional era, which transforms traditional society to modern society. Any of the transitional eras are the golden eras of the domestic films, in other words, the transition promotes society relations, interpersonal relations and family relations, due to that, the destiny and values have been altered. Indeed, the true life has provided the materials which are full of dramatic rather than drama as well as it requires much fresher life legend instead of stories. Thus, as for Chinese audie nces, on one hand, they need Hollywood produce momentary of imagines on the other hand, they also use film which is like a mirror to glint the variation of soul. It should be said that from 1990s, such as The Story of Qiu Ju, Lovers Grief Over the Yellow River, The Treatment have fully utilized the domestic, actual cultural resources to reflect the situation at that moment. All of them are good at combing the social pictures, the ordinary civilians fate to the popular movie patterns. Not only expresses the experiences of transition eras, but also the desire of survival and wisdom, thereby, obtaining the audiences. Therefore, the domestic reality is the cultural superiority of Chinese films.According to the process of globalization, Chinese films also have a significance domestic superiority which is the potential film consumption market. Take Beijing for example, if resident see five films per year, it will reach 6 million RMB in total. Indeed, China has more than 12 million popula tions, if everyone sees one film per year, though the price is 5 RMB, the income of the whole year should achieve 60 million RMB. This income would support Chinese producers make the excellent domestic films.Moreover, China owns three hundred thousand employees and over hundred years film history, most importantly, there are amounts of talented person who are interested in films, all of these are the advantages of competition. Especially, because China has lower lever economics, the cost of films would less than Hollywood. Therefore, it would become an important strategy of contending for Hollywood.Above all, as I mentioned before, all of them should based on the root, once they come true, the fate of Chinese films would tend to be a bright future. Even though film which is a culture industry would not adapted by all market principles, if Chinese films would not mellow out into market, Chinese films will not be paid attention by the world. Therefore, due to adapt to the market requ irements, Chinese film industry must oblige on the rehabilitation of industrialization.Overall, Chinese films should make efforts from four aspects in order to open up the international space of Chinese films. First of all, China should establish film produce and distribution organizations which possess the international marketing, thereby, shaping a professional film enterprise. Furthermore, recruiting a number of film management persons who has professional lumber of movie as well as carrying on the transitional economics. Thirdly, supporting film companies which produce films according to the requirement of international market, so that film companies could create the domestic film brands which are made in China. Finally, film companies should develop the products which are related to films, with TV, videos, DVD and networks to increase the added values.ConclusionIt is no doubt that many people blamed the cultural invasion, even some pointed out that the whole world would be b rought into the capitalism system which was hold by powerful capitalism countries. However, some researchers argued that globalization has affected domestic films. Obviously, with the development of globalization, the properties in different countries would not distinguish. When international films become an international culture, it is a risk of cultural environment.Indeed, Chinese film is confronting some challenges and threatens not only from Hollywood. Nevertheless, WTO and Hollywood are just providing an opportunity to refer. As for China, the domestic films must reform to themselves rather than imitating. More precisely, reformation is the only way to live and develop, otherwise, whether Hollywood entered into China or not, Chinese film has no way to go. Consequently, China should explore a kind of film industry and market which is suitable for the condition of China in terms of adapting Chinese politics, economics and cultural principles. The future of globalization not only means the choices of hegemony, but also obtains the equal rights of weakness. To some extent, the diversity of culture is the prerequisite of cultural vitality.

Management at Semco and Leadership Styles of Richard Semler

Man get alongment at Semco and drawship Styles of Richard SemlerPeter Drunker (1954), defined parcel outment as the authority of getting things d one through others, by organising, motivating and exploitation people through training. Likewise, Huczynski and Buchman (2001), defined management as the co-ordination of people towards the consummation of a collective end. The management of an disposal could be ambiguous, complex and could be over a long period of time this is when strategy is required. Strategic way means coping with complexity (kotter 1991), the management and how the complexity is bodily structured, organised, to accomplish a customary goal is referred to as strategic management. The mould of coping with change (kotter 1991) is make outn as Strategic Leadership, change is a normal occurrence in an fundamental law. The ferment of influencing people in the accomplishment of a goal is cognize as attractorship. (Koontz O Donnell). Style is the way or app roach of doing things, loss drawship trend is the way a leader influences its employees. Lewis (1939), defined leadership style as the method or approach used by leaders to influence their employees either by commanding, motivating or giving directions. there be three approaches to leadership styles namelyAuthoritarian or autocratic Responsibilities much(prenominal) as finis do, procedures for achieving goals, world-wide control of the validation is focus on the leaderParticipative or democratic Responsibilities such as decision making, procedures for goal achievement and control of the establishment ar focus within the group as a whole.Laissez faire or free reign responsibilities such as decision making, procedures for goal achievement and control of the agreement ar focus within the group or individual, the group works with emancipation of action, they decide on how they do things. No rules, no hierarchy.1.1 MANAGEMENT AND lead STYLES ADOPTED BY RICARDO SERMERSem ler is known as the leading proponent, likewise the most evangelist of participative leadership or what is known as cooperate democracy. Semler took over SEMCO or what was origin exclusivelyy known as Semler and Company in the year 1980 from his father Antonio Semler who practiced the traditional autocratic style of leadership. Ricardo followed this leadership style. On his first daytime as the CEO of SEMCO, Ricardo fired sixty percent of all top managing directors, for four years he practiced the autocratic style of management. At the age of 25 in the year 1984, he began to work on a diversified program to rescue the company he was inspired to have a greater work-life balance for himself and his employees so he introduced the participative leadership style. In 1990, there was dramatic restriction on liquidity instituted by Brazilian president Frenando Collor De Mello to scrap hyperinflation. At this turndown period employees at SEMCO agreed to wage down cut and were performing m ultitude roles during this crisis period which gave workers greater knowledge of the operation and to a greater extent suggestions on how to improve the company, this led to full participation of employees. In SEMCO responsibilities such as decision making ar focus on the employees, they are allowed to adjudge their creativity and initiative to the service of the organisation. In addition decision making such as the selection and election of their boss is focused on the subordinates. Sermels participative leadership style can be related to McGregors Y theory capability of people with self direction and self approach Euston Henry research (2010). Semlers way of work is letting employees choose what they do, where and when they do it, likewise they determine how they get paid. Semler has no organisational chart, no dress code, and no written rules he replaced hierarchical profit structure with circle structure. He believes that this participative leads to a healthy and enjoyable wa y of life for employees. Semler leadership style allows a legitimate and vantage power (i.e. wampum sharing and promotion) on his employees based on his position as the leader of SEMCO.WHAT IMPACT DO YOU THINK THESE STYLES HAVE HAD UPON THE COMPANYS STRATEGIC DECISIONS?Ricardo Semler style has a dogmatic impact on SEMCO. In 1986, Ricardo Semler attempted to introduce a matrix organisational structure (people with similar skills are pooled for work) which failed to achieve desired improvement. In 1982 SEMCO annual gross was $4 million, it grew over the years, as at 1994 it was $35 million, and in 2003 the annual revenue grew to $212 million with annual growth rate of 40%.In 1982 SEMCO employees were 90, by the year 2003 SEMCO employees were over 3000. Over the years the company has diversified into different business by mergers and joint ventures. From the illustration made above, we can relate the victor of SEMCO to the leadership style of Ricardo Semler.EXPLAIN THE LINK BETWEEN SELECTED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP THEORIES. WHAT IMPACT DOES THESE THEORIES HAVE ON ORGANISATIONAL AND LEADERSHIP STRATEGY?Strategic Management is procedure of coping with complexity (kotter 1991). Drucker (1954) said strategic management is the motivation of people to achieve a common goal. there are various theories on how collective goals are achieved.Henri Fayol five functions of management 1916 He classified duties of managers into five. There are planning, organising, controlling, commanding, and coordinating.Fw Taylor 4 objectives of scientific management 1881 He classified managers duties into four, they are scientific methods of doing thing, goal for production, system of reward for meeting goal, training of personnel.Peter Drucker 1954 five management processes He classified duties of manager into five, which are setting objectives, motivating, task organisation, beat ( wise(p)), and training.The table below shows how different strategic leadership theories a re linkedHENRI FAYOL 1916COMMANDINGPLANNINGCONTROLLINGCOORDINATINGORGANISINGPETER DRUCKER 1954measurement using SMART objectivesSetting objectives to achieveMotivation of staffs to achieve a collective goalImprovement through training and coachingTasks organisationFW TAYLOR 1881Establish goals for production ashes of reward for meeting goalsTraining to use methods and meet goalsScientific method of doing thingsDuties of managers Table 2.1Strategic leadership theory leader copes with changes in an organisation by setting direction (kotter 1991) for others to follow in the achievement of goals (koontz O Donnell). There are various theories by authors, such asLeadership styles Leadership style assumes that subordinates work more effective with leader who adopts a specific style rather than a leader who adopts alternative styles. There are different dimensions to leadership styles however it can be classified into three (3) namely authoritarian, democracy and laissez faire. Tannenbaum and Schmidt (1958) classified 4 styles which controls the degree a manager maintains. They are tells, sells, meditates and joins. These leadership styles consider on the leadership situation (Mullins 2007).The authoritarian style Power is focus on the manager, decision and procedures for achieving goals is made without consultation. The control is either by reward or punishment. This is related to Tannenbaum and Schmidt tells approach. In this style the concern for task is high.The democratic style The focus of power is within the group as a whole. Function such as decision making and procedures for achieving goals is shared within the manager and the group. The joins, consults and sells styles are democratic to some extent, except subordinate does non have a in the long run say. This style concerns for both task and peopleA laissez-faire style member of group work more effective on their own, managers do not interfere, however there is availability of help if needed. The concer n for task is low and concern for people is high.CONTINGENCY THEORIES This is Based on the believe that no one approach to leadership appropriate to all situation. There are models such asVroom and Yetton Contingency Model classified leaders decisions into both. They are decision quality and decision acceptance. The model suggests five management decision styles.Autocratic A1 leaders make decision alone using entropy available.A2 leaders consult subordinate but decision is taken aloneConsultativeC1 problem is shared with pertinent subordinate, leader makes the decisionC2 problem is shared with subordinate, leader takes decision. root G2 problem is shared with subordinate ,leader is chair, they both reach a consensusPath-goal theory the model proposes that performance of subordinate is affected by the extent in which the manager satisfies their expectations. Subordinate sees leaders behaviour as a motivator. leadership behaviours areDirective leadership subordinate follow specifi c directions given by the leader, they know what is expected of them.Supportive leadership the leader is more concern for subordinates needs and welfare.Participative leadership the leader consult with subordinate, evaluates suggestion and managers makes the decision.Achievement-oriented leadership sets goals for subordinate, there is confidence in subordinates ability to perform well.2.1 THE LINK BETWEEN SELECTED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP.Management and leadership theories can be linked with one another most quantify they are used interchangeably. The link can be seen using Mckinsey 7-s frame work theory. Managers have a propensity on strategy, structure and system (hard element), they are easy to define and happen upon, and managers can directly influence them. Leaders on the other hand are based on styles, staff, skills and shares (soft element), they are more strong to describe and more influenced by culture. Watson suggested that all the 7-s most work together to a ttain a high level of organisational performance.Fig 1 shows the links mingled with management and leadership.Strategy the plan to maintain competitive good over competitors.Structure the way the organisation is guarded.System this is referred to as the daily activities of the company.Style this is the style the leader adoptsStaff this refers to the employees or the general work force of an organisation.Skills competence of employeesShare values they are also known as superordinate goals. These are the snapper values of an organisation.All these listed 7-s framework works together to form an organisation.WHAT IMPACT DOES THESE THEORIES HAVE ON ORGANISATIONAL AND LEADERSHIP STRATEGY?These theories listed above helps to determine the structure of an organisation. The organisation could be an autocratic organisation i.e. leader maintains full control of the organisation which is highly centralised. The employees accomplish the leaders goals, wishes and objective example of autocrati c organisation is Semler and company headed by Antonio Semler. On the other hand the theories helps to illustrate the democratic management style where employees are involved in decision making, flexibility of work, freedom of employees i.e. SEMCO decentralised system by Ricardo Semler. The theory explains both leadership and management duties which lead to the smooth running of an organisational.UTILISE APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES TO REVIEW SEMCO LEADERSHIP REQUIREMENTS.There are different techniques to review leadership requirement, such as porters diamond, porters five forces, networks, role of the corporate parent and the macro-environment (steeple).To utilise appropriate technique for SEMCO, the macro- environment (steeple) pass on be used to review leadership requirement. Macro-environment (steeple) are the external /environmental that impact to greater or lesser extent on almost all organisations (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington), these macro factors influences the organisationa l performance either directly or indirectly. The table below shows the external factors affecting SEMCO.Social / cultural factorsDue to low rate of teaching in Brazil, there is high rate of untrained staff and unskilled staffs in SEMCO.Due to high population in Brazil, the income rate of workers in SEMCO is trim back because of the high rate of unemployment.Technological factorsTechnological cooperation is increasing in Brazil, mostly in telecommunication, energy transmission and advanced materials. SEMCO businesses are related to this, and it results to competition.Economic factors pretentiousness rate in brazilLow bank interest rateGlobal financial crisis both in Brazil and USAEnvironmental factorsdisforestation issue in brazilBio fuel and alternative energy i.e. oilWater supply issue affects brazilPolitical factorsGovernmental policy on industries such as energy, oil and telecommunicationGovernment policy for low interest rateLegal factorsBrazil and other BRIC countries have le gal bodies that helps to lozenge public right, corruption and the rule of law of the citizens.Ethnical factorReduced rate of child labour in brazilEmployment opportunity for women and ethnic minority people are equal.Table 3.1 External factors affecting SEMCO.The factors listed above cannot be influence by SEMCO leaders, on the other hand, there are skills leaders should have in other to be able to work with these external factors effectively, and these skills can be a threshold competence or a core competence. Threshold skills are the basic requirement a leader must have while the core skills are the unique ability a leader has that gives him a competitive advantage over others. The table below illustrate the two competencies.S/NTHRESHOLD COMPETENCIESCORE COMPETENCIES1Vision be able to communicate his vision to all members of staff, vision must follow the culture and value of the organisationNegotiation skill the leader must be able to negotiate effectively, SEMCO is known to h ave a diversified business through mergers and joint ventures2Motivation decision making must be within all staffs and there is a reward power to motivate staffProject management the leader must be able to manage any change taking place in SEMCO, either through mergers and joint ventures3Communication there must be a two way communication, there should be a diversity of opinionAnalytical / financial skill SEMCO is a globalised company, dealing with in various business, leader must have an effective and a ripe arithmetic skills4Empowerment people work more effective when left alone with a reward powerDecision making/ go throughing skills the leader must have a quick decision making skill and must be able to implement the decisions made.Table 3.2 leader competence skillsSEMCO organisation is still developing throughout the world through joint venture and mergers with other businesses. This developing process is known as organisational development. Organisation development is interven tion strategies which aim at developing individual, group and organisation. Organisation development aim at improving the performance and specialty of an organisation (Mullins 2008Flux transformationStep- changeIncremental liquidationContinuumFIG 3.1. Organisational Developments.The table above explains different stages which an organisation can find its self. From the diagram above, SEMCO is presently at the incremental stage, SEMCO has gone through the transformational stage when Ricardo took over and began to diversify into other lines of business. SEMCO is increasing its network through joint ventures and mergers.We have been able to identify the external factors affecting SEMCO, the threshold and core competences leaders at SEMCO should have and the organisational development of SEMCO. This will help us to determine the personal specification (ability a leader acquire in person) and the job description of leaders (core roles or duties of a leader).Personal specification of le aders at SEMCODirection/vision the leader must be able to follow the companys direction, SEMCO leadership style is participative, and the leader must be able to direct the employees using this leadership style.Communication the leader must have a unassailable communication skill. Be able to provide adequate information on task given or when implementing a changeFlexibility SEMCO system is flexible, all leaders must be flexible enough not interfering with staffs task and encourage staffs to participate in decision makingMotivation must be able to encourage, give reward on staff performance, be of assistance when needed by a member of staffs and provide training when needed.The leaders job specification is the day to day duties of the leader which gives them a competitive advantage over others in the securities industry.Negotiating and making decision effectively and speedily towards the company goal and objectiveEmpowerment to provide creative innovations and motivation of people t owards expected results.Financial control and method of accounting control the leader is in charge of all monetary value when change is taking placeThe leader must be a good project and change management, much have a positive outcome when implementing change.All the illustrations made above are the techniques use in reviewing SEMCO leadership requirement. SEMCO has an inter- organisation relationship with other organisation either by mergers, joint venture or by strategic alliance. This relationship with other organisation makes SEMCO a distinct in the role of corporate parent where there is agreed business plan with other companies.PRODUCE A FUTURE LEADERSHIP SKILLS PLAN FOR SEMCO. typography ON HOW USEFUL WERE THE METHODS USED TO PLAN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS. ENSURE YOU EVALUATE EACH METHOD AND DISCUSS WHAT YOU THINK OF EACH METHOD.SEMCOs role as cooperate parent is a shaper which allow agreed business plan for companies involved by either merger or joint ventures. The methods/ theories that will be evaluated are to develop a future leadership skill plan for SEMCO.Firstly, we will explain SEMCO organisational behaviour by studying how it functions and the impact of the organisation on the behaviour of its employees. Organisational behaviour is defined as the tuition and understanding of individual or group behaviour and the pattern of organisation structure in order to improve organisational performance and effectiveness (Mullins 2008.pg 3). The organisation structure determines the culture of SEMCO the culture on the other hand determines the type of leadership, communication and group dynamic. There are different methods of organisational development but we shall look at the ones relevant to SEMCO.There are different methods of organisational development according to Newstrom, Davis 1993 which leaders in SEMCO must have, namelyHumanistic values there is positive belief about the potentials of employees. At SEMCO employees exercise a self d irection and self control in the service of objectives, there is a function of reward associated to achievement, creativity and decision making is distributed among employees.System orientation SEMCO is made up of different systems such as the technology, structure and the employees they must all work together towards the organisation objectives.Problem solving this is a normal occurrence in an organisation, leader must be able to identify the problem, gather adequate information, and involve members of staffs when implementing a change and progress effectively.We defined organisational behaviour as learning and understanding of employees. What is learning? This is a permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of practice or experience (Bass Vanghan). Peter Senge (1990) defined Learning organisation as a place where people expand their capacity to create a result they desire, where new pattern of thinking is nurtured, where people are continually learning how to learn tog ether to give them a competitive advantage (Mullins 2008). There are different ways of learning, they areBehaviourism this is learning through behaviour and those actions that could be observed, measured and controlled, learning through experience.Operant conditioning this is a step by step learning, the motivation comes from rewardCognitive approach this is relevant to SEMCO leadership skill, the leader as a prior knowledge of what should be done either from previous experience in addition to the new information given on job description the two gives an elaborate knowledge. Learning takes place when there is new information. This leads to the learning curve showing the gradual process of acquiring knowledgeThe learning curve. Showing the level of competence and the time spent.Level of competenceTime spentFig 4.1 learning curve.There are different development plan processes, such asSetting objectivesPerformance metricsRewardsShort term trainingTechnical and specialist skills, trans ferable skills and the organisation system are all short term training. SEMCO operate a reward system mostly by recognition, salary or by promotion. Leader must have a transferable skill which will improve employees performance he must be able to work effectively with others, good communication skills and must be good with applications of numbers. Leadership training in SEMCO is mostly done by experiential learning and informal learning that comes from work. positive education is also an advantage.Implementation Plan for SEMCOobjectivesTo have an agreed business plan for mergers and joint venturemeasurementSkill measurement is by experiential learning and informal learning that comes from work. Training will be available when requiredtargetTo be a globalised industry, have a competitive advantage over others in the market and to remain on top.Initiative/ actionAvaliabity of resources, people and adequate information will be required towards task achievementTime scaleSEMCO,s aim is to remain in the market for a long period of timeResponsibilityTo represent and lead SEMCO towards meeting organisational goalPerformance indicatorBenchmarking (using an effective leader to raise the standard of SEMCO). i.e. to be the leader in the world by 2020.Review/ contingencyOpen market between brazil and USA for alternative energy.This entire implementation plan helps SEMCO to achieve organisational goal.

Case Study of Management of Globalization at Ryanair

Case Study of Management of Globalization at Ryan auraWith increase orbicularisation, total of companies are entering several(predicate) foreign commercializes that some of them only attain success. This is because of their lack of knowledge about redundant securities exertions advantages and limitations and role of initiative within organisations (Brooke 1996). Firms that operate by assessing the impact of globalization are much suitable to operate successfully rather than the firms that operate without analysing the impact of globalisation (Vittorio 2006). In this report all these aspects testament be discussed with the admirer of a social club, Ryan Air that is one of the oldest and most flourishing subaltern-cost airlines of Europe (About Us 2011).This report will be completed by analyzing all previous researches or studies do in this field and its implications in real life. Different researchers and theorist cast analysed free food commercialises, globalisat ion and role of try within organizations. With their analyses they have in addition given different theories and approaches that muckle be used in a workplace to maximise its opportunities. All these theories and approaches will be used to analyse that what cessation free market conditions have allowed Ryan Air to grow and prosper (Iyer Masters 2000).As salubrious it will excessively describe, at what extent the company had benefitted from free market conditions and to what extent it was constrained by limitations on this market. In addition to this, here it will likely be analysed that how company and opposite markets are goaded by enterprise led organisations. In the end, it will also be analysed that what extent the air depart market relies on globalisation and what is the importance of global expansion for Ryan Air. As well, in this report the importance of global markets in other industries will also be evaluated along with the analysis of importance of globalisatio n. diminutive Evaluation of Ryan Airs EntryRyan Air was established in the year 1985 and it entered low cost European air actuate market as a low cost airline. The company attained huge success in Europe and it was all because of free market conditions (About Us 2011). The company success cod to free market conditions preempt be dumb mental pictureively by captiously evaluating it along with the discussion of its benefits and limitations.Significance of Free Market Conditions to RyanairFree market conditions refer to an economy or market in which buying and selling of products and services is make without any restriction related to price and valuation. European air travel market is also exceedingly affected with free market conditions that in turn have also affected Ryan Air (Brooke 1996). The company is highly affected by free market conditions and it is an important reason of its growth and success. Due to the resolution of free market conditions, the company along with i ts competitors has befit able in allowing market forces to determine the price and values of air travel offered by them (Vittorio 2006).The free market concept was initially conceptualized throughout the First valet War but in bring in it has become a reason of number of economies success. With the free market conditions of Europe, Ryan Air has derived various benefits alike(p) flexibility, freedom, and variety that in turn assist it in growing its business operations in Europe and in other foreign countries (Suneja 2000). With the free market conditions like deregulating and free market entry, Ryanair has been able to exploit the Irish and subsequently the European transport market (Brophy George 2003).With the free market conditions, the company has become able in switching its services on the basis of the widespread market conditions. For example, if there is demand on one route, the company is free to change its operations and other route so can take advantage of current p rofitable route or service (Iyer Masters 2000). The company is able to change its operations or process without undergoing the scrutiny of extreme government protocols. As well, the company management is also free to alter its services and their management according to their induce suitability or accessibility for gaining a competitive edge (Rugman 2002).Benefits Limitations of Free Market Conditions to RyanairWith the increasing free market conditions, Ryanair has attained several benefits in damage of increase freedom, flexibility and limited government controls or protocols. Free market conditions in Europe have allowed company to undertake activities that please them. Consequently, it can parcel out customers in a way it wants and sell services they think will avail it in growing and prospering (Brophy George 2003). In this free market economy, the company also have freedom to change and alter their business operations. As well, government controls are very less to company operations that provide it with a benefit of increasing significantly at national as well as international level.Although there are some government guidelines to operate in air travel market that need to be followed by Ryanair but it has freedom to manage its operations in a way it feels appropriate or beneficial (Rugman 2002). The company have freedom to increase its number of flights and as well determine prices according to market forces or conditions. In condition of increased demand of air travels, the company is free to increase its number of flights so that more and more profits can be attained in resemblance to existing competitors. The increased demand of customers can be satisfied significantly by undertaking diverse business decisions and increasing number of flights (Brophy George 2003).The free market conditions also present Ryanair with an advantage of serving its customers with innovative products and services. In regard to free market economy, the company have an advantage to determine what services it will render to its customers with diverse innovations so that they can be offered with best products and services (Vittorio 2006). In this way, it can be said that it is a tool through which Ryanair can easily attain competitive advantage and core competencies.In addition to significant extent of benefits, free market conditions have also presented Ryanair with several limitations like increased aspiration, high threat of vernal entrants, high bargaining power of customers etc (Iyer Masters 2000). In free market economy, there are number of low cost airline companies that operate in Europe and present customers with different innovative services. In this kind of environment, it becomes difficult to retain customers in long-run as well their bargaining power is also high as they have several choices available at a time (Rugman 2002).Threat of new entrants is also very high that several times have presented Ryanair with number of limitations. In starting, the company competitors were not as high as in present and due(p) to this, it requires a more planned approach and business strategy (Ryan Air 2009). Free market conditions and economy have served company with number of benefits as well as with some limitations.Role of Enterprise in the Creation and Development of RyanairIn present the concept of an enterprise driven organization has emerged in which the on the whole organization is undertaken as an enterprise directed with continuous transformation and change. The emergence of this concept is due to uncertain market environment and rapid changes in consumers tastes. By creating and growth an enterprise driven organization, a businessman can significantly attain success (Box Byus 2007). Similar is the case with Ryanair that also made use of enterprise to become a successful low-cost European airline company. In the creation and development of Ryanair, enterprise played a substantial role that can be understood by critically reviewing its effect.Recognition of Ryanair as Enterprise Driven OrganisationRyanair was started in the year 1985 with only 57 employees and with one 15 seater turboprop plane that used to carry 5000 passengers on one route. In subsequent year of its operations, the company employees increased along with the number of passengers it used to carry. In the year 1990-1991, the company passengers increased to 700,000 (Box Byus 2007). For attaining growth, the company made use of several marketing strategies. As well, the company also transformed its management team so that effective operations can be brought out in the company.The success attained by the company shows that from the time of company initiation, it was having potential of fitting market leader. It was all due to the effect of Michael OLeary as CEO who kept company recognised as enterprise driven organization (Wallace, Tiernan White 2006). Although, the company have confronted several troubles, but from startin g its CEO assisted its entrepreneurs to establish and develop their company as an enterprise. This in turn assisted in the creation of an enterprise culture in Ryanair (Graham Nafukho 2007, p. 130).From beginning, the company and its managers have confronted number of problems mainly in concern to handling business operations, management and cost structures. All these troubles have been resolute by implementing different marketing strategies and transforming old strategies. It would not have been possible, if company CEO have not developed an enterprise culture (Mattila, Nandhakumar, Hallikainen Rossi 2009). By becoming an enterprise driven organization, Ryanair has become able in surviving in the present competitive market and growing in the marketplace (Box Byus 2007).Its enterprise-driven culture has facilitated it in implementing different marketing strategy and attaining different competitive advantages like online booking, one class travel, point-to-point flying, in house marketing, ticketless boarding, reduced turnaround times, corporate partnerships, bargaining power, new aircrafts etc (Ryanairs Competitive Advantage 2009).Due to its effective business operations that are directed with an enterprise culture, it is regarded as the most punctual airline between capital of Ireland and London. It is also recognised as the second largest airline in United Kingdom and Europes largest low-fares airline. It operates with a network of more than 57 routes in 11 countries. It is also served by a fleet of 31 Boeing 737-200 and -800 aircraft with more than 1,400 employees. Its enterprise driven culture help it in constantly concentrating on driving its own be and serve customers with lowest possible fares and as well as continuously remain profitable.Effect of Enterprise Driven Organizations on Other MarketsWith the discussion of Ryanair and effect of enterprise driven organizations on its development and creation, it can be said that enterprise driven organis ation does not only affect travel and touristry industry. Other markets and industries are also highly affected by enterprise driven organizations (Graham Nafukho 2007, p. 129). In present approximately all industries are confronting significant competition and high market uncertainty. For resolving this type of market threats, it has become essential to adopt enterprise-driven organization as it assists marketers in managing their organizations in regard to emerging changes.By creating and developing an enterprise-driven organization, it becomes easy for different fields marketers to manage their survival as well as growth. They become able to manage changes related to market and customers trends (Mattila, Nandhakumar, Hallikainen Rossi 2009). As well, it also benefits companies with an advantage to create an all-inclusive culture in which everyone operates with coordination and collaboration so that business can be handled effectively (Kongol 2010).In modern era, numbers of ma rkets are encountered with environmental uncertainty and they are essay to improve their organizational efficiency, and eventually performance. This problem can be resolved effectively by creating and developing an enterprise-driven organization as it will assist them in implementing standardized processes and practices throughout borders and their different divisions (Kongol 2010). A consistently enforced enterprise culture assists in the normalisation of business processes. As well it also helps in fulfilling all needs of management control by managing all information into one system and do it available.Enterprise-driven organisation become able in a creating an integrated organisation structure that in turn assist managers in anticipating future trends and operate accordingly. In this way, it can be said that enterprise driven organizations does not only affect travel market as it make a positive effect on almost all markets (Mattila, Nandhakumar, Hallikainen Rossi 2009). By creating and developing an enterprise culture all organisations can attain different advantages according to their own success needs and requirements.Impact of Globalisation on OrganisationsGlobalisation is a new concept that refers to processes through which different economies and societies of the world are integrating with the help of a global network. The practice of globalisation is increasing day-by-day as it serves companies with number of advantages like global expansion, significant growth and worldwide image. The significant advantages of globalisation are encouraging present organizations to globalise their business operations that in turn are affecting their overall business activities (Wallace, Tiernan White 2006). This can be understood effectively with the help of Ryanair and air travel market affect of globalisation on it.Reliance of Air Travel Market on GlobalisationAir travel market success basically depends upon the travelling needs of customers. In present almo st all countries people like to travel other countries with some or other reason that imposes challenges for air travel marketers to globalise their operations (Hartungi 2006, p.730). Due to this increasing trend of travel and tourism, it has become essential for air travel marketers to globalise and this in turn also renders with several advantages related to high growth and worldwide success. This altering travel trend of people demonstrates that travel market substantially relies on globalisation.If, a travel company is not able to operate at international level it would not be able to tap international market opportunities. Travel industry connects two places that may be from a single nation or country or from different countries (Marquardt 2007). For success in travel market, it is essential to globalise and serve customers with different national as well as international routes. Significance of globalisation can also be understood by evaluating its affect on Ryanair and its bu siness operations (Townsend, Yeniyurt Talay 2009, p. 540).In starting, the company used to operate at two routes, but subsequently, it focussed on increasing its routes to different European countries. With globalisation and the EU air transport deregulation, the company opened up new routes to Continental Europe and carried more than 3 cardinal passengers to 18 different routes. As well, with the effect of globalisation, the company also tried to focus on global expansion and it also initiated services to Stockholm, Oslo, Paris and Brussels.In present, Ryanair operates on more than 1000 routes throughout Europe. As well, in the year 2008, the company also entered US market with an aim of global expansion. These different expansions done by the company and been planned evidences importance of global expansion for the company and its management.Importance of Global Markets in other IndustriesIn addition to travel industry, globalisation is also important for other industries like e lectronic equipments, pharmaceutical, agriculture, food potable, oil and petroleum etc. In present almost all industries wants to operate with the help of global markets so that they can attain more profits and growth (Hartungi 2006, p.729). With increasing globalisation and free market economies different economies of the world are trying to integrate their industries so that they can take advantage of each others skills and practices (Ricks 2006).As well, it has also become a trend for companies to operate in global markets as with this they can attain a global recognition that in turn can be used to attract potential customers. In present customers prefer global brands rather than traditional brands as their lifestyles and way of living has changed and improved also (Cheng Mittelhammer 2008, p. 860). Consumers, whether they belong to low, medium or high income group prefers global brands as it gives them a sense of high living standard. This change in consumers taste and pref erences encourages companies to operate at international level and serve different global markets (Townsend, Yeniyurt Talay 2009, p. 540). intimately all industries customers have similar trends towards global market. Food and beverage marketers are also affected by this and due to this different global food and beverage items are available in each country (Hartungi 2006, p.730). This is also the case with oil and petroleum industry as all countries does not have similar resources. Some of the countries have effective resources and this in turn is encouraging them to serve the need of different global markets and attain huge profit and growth (Puig, Marques Ghauri 2009, p. 693).In this environment of increased globalisation there are also some industries for whom it is critical to globalise as otherwise they would not be able to say their position and survival in the long run (Marquardt 2007). In this concern, one of the substantial industries is manufacturing industry. Manufactu ring industry is an industry in which manufacturing is done and products are developed that almost all of us use in our daily life. If this industry has to survive it has to improve its production and operations strategies that cannot be done with traditional modes of manufacturing (Puig, Marques Ghauri 2009, p. 694). By globalizing this industry can take advantages of different means and advanced technologies.Previously, in India or other developing countries, manufacturing was done with the help of traditional methods but now as it has entered different global markets it has also become able in making use of advanced manufacturing methods. In this way, it can be said that globalisation is critical for almost all industries to maintain their survival in the long-run.Conclusion and RecommendationsWith the help of above discussion, it can be said that free market conditions serve organizations with different advantages as well as limitations. Ryanair also attained different advantag es with free market conditions like expansion to different European countries and continents and as well as limitation like increased competition, high threat of new entrants (Ryanairs Competitive Advantage 2009). All these threats can be handled effectively, if appropriate strategies like enterprise driven organisation is created and developed. By developing an enterprise-culture a firm can easily resolve its different operations and change management related issues as done by Ryanair (Graham Nafukho 2007, p. 129).In addition to an enterprise-driven organization, a firm can also attain advantages with the help of globalisation and entering different global markets. In present, it has become critical to attain success and long-term survival that can only be done with the help of globalisation (Cheng Mittelhammer 2008, p. 860). Ryanair has also attained several advantages by entering different global markets and due to this only the company has become able in maintaining its leadin g position in industry and air travel market (Hartungi 2006, p.730). With the considerations of free market conditions, enterprise-driven organisation and globalisation a firm can easily attain assured success as attained by Ryanair.

Roswell Speech :: essays research papers

In the summer of 1947 a series of puzzling events took place atRoswell, New Mexico. In the early days of July one of the influential andconcrete UFO cases of all time evolved. It is not exactly known what tookplace due to various soldiers and disposal cover-up campaigns.My proposition is that extra-terrestrial entities and their craft werefound in the desert near Roswell, New Mexico in 1947. There are 3 mainpoints which impart prove that this event took place. 1st There were manyeyewitness accounts of the incedent. 2nd There were news media accountsof the incident which were silenced by the U.S. government. And 3rd TheU.S. military and government were greatly involved in the investigation ofthis incident.1 There were many eyewitnesses to the strange events that took place inRoswell in the summer of 1947. This is one of the main reasons wherefore this hasbeen a lanmark case in the study of UFOs. Barney Barnett, a civil engineerand an outstanding citizen, said he saw the object wh ile out on assignment. Credible and respected sources knew Barnett, who was a retired WWIveteran and past commander of the American Legion Post, and vouched forhis credibility. Barnett told of how he had spotted a bright metallic object inthe distance. His first thought was that it was a plane that had crashed in thenight. He traveled the one mile distance between himself and the object todiscover that it wasnt a plane at all, but rather a metallic disc-shaped objectabout 25 or 30 feet across. As he stood, looking at the object, a group ofarcheological students arrived from the opposite direction. They were allabout the wreckage and soon discovered the bodies of apparently dead aliens. Barnett described them as like humans but... not humans. The heads wereround, the eyes were small, and they had no hair. They were quite small byour standards and their heads were larger in proportion to their bodies thanours. He went on to tittle-tattle about the clothing of the aliens which seemed to beone-piece and gray in color. You couldnt see any zippers, belts, or buttons. Very shortly a military officer arrived and cordoned off the are. Barnett andthe others were asked to leave and told not to talk about what they had seen.Along with Barnett there were many sightings by pilots, airportpersonel, and military officials. On June 24 a civilian pilot, named KennathArnold, was flying over the cascade mountains, in the state of Washington,

American Pie Essay -- Research Essays Term Papers

American PieWith every aspect of our lives we are making a point, arguing a belief, or refuting some other aspect of our existence. Aesthetic pieces, approximately avidly poems and songs, argue a communicate both in the lyrics and in the meaning posed amid the lines. American Pie, in a multitude of ways, argues that American lives and memories are closely intertwined with the music of the time period. Not completely does American Pie argue a mess duration it also pulls many generations together. Today, thirty years after the initial release, American Pie still has an effect in our music and continues to be popular with all age groups. Don McLean accomplishes this task through using the context of the time period, placement of words, the words themselves, the punctuation and grammar, the rhythms, and many other facets involved. Because of this, the pot of a nation and make up the world are influenced. One major concept needed in order to understand any song thoroughly is to comp rehend the period in which it was recorded and released. Don McLean released the song, American Pie, in 1971. During the late 1960s and the early 1970s, the United States was becoming progressively commercialized. With the commercialization, Americans began losing touch of the little things in emotional state, and the things that make life worth living instead they were more interested in the materialistic things. Throughout the time period there were many clashes around the worldmost famous being the conflict in Vietnam. With the amount of turmoil that was present during the late 1960s and early 1970s, McLean writes about the 1950s (a period of calmness between two stormsthe World Wars and Vietnam) as an escape for the people of his time. Several classics in other part... ... placement of words, the words themselves, appeals, imagery, figurative language, the punctuation and grammar, the rhythms, and all the other facets involved, shows that the people of a nation are influenced. Through all of these methods Don McLean uses American Pie to argue that American lives and memories are closely intertwined with the music of the time period. Not only does the argument and its message span over a period of time it inevitably pulled many generations together. Works CitedHoward, Allen. (November 3, 2001). Don McLean Online, American Pie Mans network Home. World Wide Web. Available http//www.don-mclean.com. November 28, 2001. McLean, Don. American Pie. American Pie. Released by United Artists (1971).Super70s.com. (2001). Super70s.com Timeline. World Wide Web. Available http//www.super70s.com. December 1, 2001.